B. A. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: A. A) less than 5 years The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to One event leading up to World War II was implementing the Nuremberg Laws which refused German citizenship to Jews. C. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? A. gave orders to surrender. C) about 15 years In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. B. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. A) the war in Europe was over. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. C. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. B) She thinks suffering always comes to a close. B. was killed by Soviet troops. went through a period of economic instability. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication Allied forces strategy during World War II. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. B) save lives. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. General Patton had already turned down the position. Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). . He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. A. acknowledged e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. D. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. C. WACs sponsored fund raisers to purchase government war bonds. B. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. The Nuremberg Laws Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. Alan Lomax was serving as folklore consultant for the project when he sent the December 8, 1941 telegram, asking fieldworkers to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? Today, it has become far more than a parallel. To free Australia from Japanese occupation The gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s . Q. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. C) U.S. entry into World War II. B) the end of World War II. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. C. the Lend-Lease Act "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. purchasing government war bonds. B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. B. the League of Nations. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. c.) After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. With war already raging in Asia, the invasion sparked a global conflict that lasted until 1945. C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. C) 71,000 people. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. In a December 1945 Gallup poll, only 5% of Americans were willing to accept more European immigrants than the nation had prior to the war. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. The overall impact of such public policies was almost incalculable, but it certainly aided returning veterans to better themselves and to begin forming families and having children in unprecedented numbers. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. C) destroy the nation of Japan. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. c.) The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war b.) D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? a.) In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. C. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. a.) They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. Both collections are included in this presentation. D) protect German Jews from anti-Semitic violence. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. What demographic effects did the war have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago? Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. A. the Atlantic Charter The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." . D. It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. d.) With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? What was the Double Victory? B) World War I and World War II Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. d.) The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. D. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. After the United States entered World War II, View the list of all donors. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. C. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . created the Office of Price Administration. ", d.) B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. 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