Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. N Ghosh A Infrared video showing natural gas air pollution emissions at an Energy Corporation of America compressor station in Greene County, Pa., which is located about Safer practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor. These results call for further investigation to confirm our results and to investigate the specific pollutants generated from power plants that are responsible for this association. In addition, when exposure was changed to number of plants within 20 km, coal plants had the highest association with all adverse birth outcomes. Holstrom compared the gas volume to filling a pro-basketball stadium, from floor to ceiling, with explosive gas. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Covariates were chosen on the basis of a directed acyclic graph (Supplementary Data available at http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/). Given that power plants are major sources of particulate matter, the present results are consistent with those of our recent study, which found that prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with LBW, PTD, and VPTD (23). Czeizel For example, in Ohio the setback from a home is 100 feet from a well - M And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. JI The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. Compared with pregnant women who lived with no power plants within a 20 km radius, women living near 2 power plants had a 7% increased odds of term LBW (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), 12% increased odds of PTD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.15), and 17% increased odds of VPTD (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.25). For controls, we used eligible births that had none of the 3 outcomes we assessed. S Lee A et al. Xu Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely transported through high-pressure, long-distance pipelines to consumers. C Learn more. J CA Natural gas is burned to generate electricity by passing hot pressurized gases through either a combined-cycle combustion turbine (CCCT) or simple-cycle combustion turbine (SCCT) connected to an electric generator. Roussos-Ross Demand for these electric plants is increasing, and the thousands of workers who will be constructing them, and working in them, will rely on better protocols and oversight for their safety. Chen 3rd Natural gas already emits half the CO 2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant. Spengler Fetal sex and preterm birth: Are males at greater risk? M More information about the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Mapping Tool can be foundhere. Rajagopalan S The electric power sector is a large source of U.S. CO 2 emissions. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, education, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. To describe prenatal exposures to PM2.5, we estimated average daily residential exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each birth using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Lanki We observed a 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3) increased odds for PTD, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for VPTD, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.0) for term LBW for each 5 km closer to any power plant. Some towns in Texas have setbacks of up to 1,000 feet from a home, fresh water well, school, hospital or public park. We strongly caution natural gas power plants and other industries against the venting of high-pressure natural gas in or near work sites. In addition to the data presented in these maps and graphs, a HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feet, Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project. This generating capacity may likely be replaced by natural gas-fired power plants and renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. BE M Lesson plans, science fair experiments, field trips, teacher guide, and career corner. WebAs long as you follow sensible natural gas safety precaution and understand what to do in a gas leak, natural gas is safe in the home. Graham We further identified that solid waste plants had the strongest association with term LBW, while oil, gas, and solid waste plants all had strong associations with PTD and VPTD. Anenberg For example, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feetfrom awell - not even from the boundary of a wellpad - and only 75 feet for a directional well. (20), who reported that the odds of PTD were 14 times higher among women who lived within 3 km of a thermal power plant compared with those who lived farther than 3 km. PC et al. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Williams We further stratify these associations by fuel type. Bronson When you select a power plant marker, a small window displays plant data such asemissions, generation, fuel type, and key demographics for the communities within three miles of the plant. Overall, living close to solid waste, oil, and gas plants increased the odds for term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. . Pope Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity creates emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2),mercury (Hg) and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and other pollutants. Martinez Risk of Nuclear Accident -- Should anything happen to the power plant -- such as in a flood, a fire, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack -- homes within 10 miles of the power plant will be in direct danger. Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). These steps and processes may be integrated into one unit or operation, be performed in a different order or at alternative locations (such as a (lease separator, field facilities, or natural gas processing plants), or not be required at all. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. However, we have also used a fully adjusted model with all covariates in our directed acyclic graph. Since then, researchers have further studied this association, including in the California Power Line Study, a 2016 study in the British Journal of Cancer. Data analyses were performed by using SAS, version 9.3, software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Lets plan for a clean energy future that does not lead to even more air pollution in communities already afflicted with pollution. Rabczenko Still, being aware of the characteristics of communities closest to power plants is a starting point in understanding the potential sources of pollution that may impact a community and how changes in a power plants air emissions may affect the air quality experienced by some of those already vulnerable to environmental burdens. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. Where do hydrocarbon gas liquids come from? Yli-Tuomi It is important to note that the impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to a 3-mile radius. The percentage of plants located in or near communitieswithan average of less than the national average is on the left side of the graph (blue). J Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Simpson Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. Midwest Senior Policy Manager. Y Results were consistent when exposure was categorized by number of power plants. Please click here to see any active alerts. After adjustment for potential confounders, living closer to any power plant increased the odds of all adverse birth outcomes compared with living farther away. Natural gas is burned to generate heat, electricity, and hot water. Nathanson et al. This finding has also been observed in Taiwan by Tsai et al. All types of plants had a slightly elevated association with PTD, except nuclear plants, which had a negative association (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), and others and coal plants with no associations. Lamson These analyses showed consistent results, suggesting that residual confounding was unlikely. D When ultrasound is not available, fundal height (determined by clinical examination) or menstrual history is used to estimate gestational age. Such information would be valuable in public health efforts to reduce adverse birth outcomes. However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Stieb I once had a friend asked which of two properties they should buy due to one being near high voltage lines. My answer was simple, I would buy the o Table3 presents the adjusted associations between proximity to power plants and term LBW, PTD, and VPTD by nearest power plant type. Specifically, for each 5-km decrease in the distance to any power plant, the odds of term LBW, PTD, and VPTD increased by 1.1% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.011, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002, 1.020), 1.8% (OR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.023), and 2.2% (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.034), respectively. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. For example, for oil plants, we compared births within 20 km with births not within 20 km from any plant (e.g., excluding those who were closer to any other types of plant). An official website of the United States government. keep you informed with the latest alerts and progress reports. The CSB is trying to devise better safety codes for gas blows, but has yet to identify them. Rahmani Ren The final reason to be concerned about pollution from natural gas power plants is that it may get worse in the coming years. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders or data provider. Shi Exposures to levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) stratified by power plant type in Florida from 2003 to 2005. Overall, the percentages of people living closer to power plants were higher among those with adverse birth outcomes compared with those among controls. Oudin J Prenatal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter for women living near different types of power plants was also determined by using National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network data. Initial calculations conducted by the USB determined that about 400,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere within the 10 minutes prior to the incident. EPA is committed to Environmental Justice (EJ) - the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. Does EIA have maps or information on the location of natural gas and oil pipelines? These pollutants are known to contribute to adverse health outcomes, including the development of heart or lung diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis, increased susceptibility to respiratory and cardiac symptoms, greater numbers of emergency room visits and hospital admissions, and premature deaths. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. D To help answer questions about environmental justice in the communities around power plants, information on the following six key demographics (e.g., demographic indicators) and demographic index (average of low-income and people of colorpopulations) ispresented below through interactive maps and graphs: These key demographics and information about nearby fossil fuel power plants can be used as a general indicator of a communitys potential susceptibility to these types of environmental exposures. Nearest distance to a power plant showed significant and negative regression coefficients with four neurobehavioral symptoms: affective problems, anxiety problems, . Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. As close as you want, just not very close to the plant. The power company owns that land, they dont want people there for security reasons. WebDistance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. Soriano M Otos Brumberg For example, the fact that our study showed an increased proportion of females among the term LBW group and a decreased proportion of females among the PTD and VPTD groups confirmed previous findings. Dong We were also unable to adjust for daily activities patterns. Checking with the relevant authorities is good.The standard Exposure to various air pollutants has also been linked to adverse pregnancy-related and birth outcomes including gestational hypertension, premature delivery, and low birth weight (1013). Forsberg AD Abbreviations: LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Biodiesel, renewable diesel, and other biofuels, U.S. Furthermore, although power plant emissions are 1 of the major point sources of air pollution (21), which has been shown to have consistent association with adverse birth outcomes (22), there is limited information on air pollution exposure and pregnant women living close to specific types of power plants. Hodges Romieu DM However, women may have moved during pregnancy, leading to potential exposure misclassification. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. Come test out some of the products still in development and let us know what you think! 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, produces less global warming emissions and air pollution, projections from the California Air Resources Board, concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities. its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. JK The following map displays the percentage of plants within each state that are in communities with at least one key demographic at or above the 80thpercentile nationally. J Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. A The first trimester was defined as the first 13 weeks of gestation. To ensure that clustering was not influencing our results, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the number of power plants within 20 km as exposure. According to projections from the California Air Resources Board, stationary sources account for roughly 21% of NOx emissions, while mobile sources account for a whopping 74% of NOx emission in the state. Our results for covariates were consistent with those of other studies. Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. Chang Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLS, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Power Plants and Neighboring Communities (xlsx) A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Fann Second, we use PM2.5 as a surrogate for pollution from power plants to determine 1) the level of pollution exposure during pregnancy for women living close to power plants and 2) whether the amount of pollution depends on fuel type. In short, NOx is bad news for human health. Accessed December 17, 2014, Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada, Ambient air pollution and term birth weight in Texas from 1998 to 2004, Traffic-related air toxics and term low birth weight in Los Angeles County, California, Association between local traffic-generated air pollution and preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the south coast air basin of California, Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Coal-fired Power Plants, Exposure to air pollution during different gestational phases contributes to risks of low birth weight, Congenital abnormalities and indicators of germinal mutations in the vicinity of the Paks nuclear plant, Hungary, Risk factors for low birth weight: a review. Because living near power plants may expose people to additional sources of air pollution, this proximity may increase their risk of having negative health endpoints. A First, natural gas power plants do not move they just sit there and emit NOx when they are operating. Catov Ha Natural gas is stored in large volumes in underground facilities and in smaller volumes in tanks above or below ground. et al. The term LBW was defined as a birth weighing less than 2,500 g at birth and born at or after 37 weeks of gestation. More information about the Power Plant Retirements map can be foundhere. Brook Some power plants also Association Between Proximity to Power Plants, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Hu G For example, higher exposure to sulfur dioxide has been linked to PTD among singleton births (28) and decreased term birth weight (29). Women who lived closer to coal and solid waste power plants were exposed to higher levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter compared with other types. significantly reduced many of these pollutants over the past two decades, Mapping Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, GraphingPower Plants and Neighboring Communities, EJ Screening Reportfor the Clean Power Plan, Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. Therefore, we were not able to account for local variation smaller than this spatial resolution. This association is also consistent with our data that showed, on average, that women close to nuclear plants and other plants were exposed to lower levels of PM2.5. The color of the marker indicates fuel type and the marker size represents projected retired nameplate capacity (MW). F we equip you to harness the power of disruptive innovation, at work and at home. This is especially true because the by-products of coal plants also include toxic components including sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides, all of which are also associated with negative health outcomes (32). Senior Energy Analyst, James Gignac et al. Lets make sure that does not happen. It is based on nationally consistent data and uses an approach that combines environmental indicatorsand demographics in maps and reports. LA However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. Quantifying the risk WebFar safer than living near a coal burning plant or downstream from a major dam. Time is Running Out, Motorola's handy Bluetooth device adds satellite messaging to your iPhone or Android smartphone, Linux 6.2: The first mainstream Linux kernel for Apple M1 chips arrives, Sony's new headphones adopt WH-1000XM5 technology for less than half the price, The perfectly pointless $197 gadget that some people will love. H But HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, including potential fire, explosion,spray and other pollution.No existing dwelling may be located closer than 300 feet from an active or planned drilling site. Tags: Lee Particulate matter and ozone cause the extensive list of adverse health outcomes you hear at the end of a prescription drug commercial shortness of breath, heart attacks, premature death; the list goes on. WebGangadharan et al. Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. Updated January 2012. These findings are consistent with the fact that coal and solid waste power plants produce relatively larger amounts of particulate emissions compared with other types of power plants. et al. Strmgren Something ignited the gas that was being used in a scheduled cleaning procedure at the Kleen Energy Plant in Connecticut. This analysis yielded results consistent with proximity to power plants as a measure of exposure. L A three-mile radius isconsistent with environmental justice literature and studies, including theEJ Screening Reportfor the Clean Power Plan. On January 27, 2021, Climate Day, President Biden issued an Executive Order, entitled Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, that addresses climate change policy and environmental justice. Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). C The Author 2015. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Natural gas is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel. By continuing, you accept our use of cookies. The photo to the right shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th. K Ha JM RJ Cons. WebSince fuel cost is the major cost component of a typical natural gas power plant, a sustained increase in natural gas pricing also poses a major risk. Moreover, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds. A blog on science, politics, and activism. Which states consume and produce the most natural gas. More research is warranted to better understand the causal relationship. Coal was strongly associated with all adverse birth outcomes (Table4). Albaladejo RE: How far away should you live from a power plant? From a coal-fired power plant I would want to be at least ten miles upwind and nowhere near th Yu Dominici The fact of the matter is that natural gas power plants still produce a significant amount of air pollution, and thats a problem. Florida has relatively high power plant emissions (16, 24) that provide a unique opportunity to investigate the potential association between power plant emissions and adverse birth outcomes. Note: The demographic information is obtained from the U.S. Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS) 2014-2018 5-year summary file data, which is based on 2018 Census boundaries. Our continuous exposure analysis showed that proximity to nuclear plants was protective against PTD, but not term LBW or VPTD. You can seethe percentages by hovering your cursor over the colored bars. . R Briefly, this model uses hierarchical Bayesian methods to combine data from observed air quality data measured at air monitors, the National Emission Inventory, and meteorological and photochemical data to produce 12 12 km gridded estimates of daily average PM2.5 concentrations. Our study found evidence of increasing odds of adverse birth outcomes among infants born to pregnant women living closer to power plants. Fig. The following sections are presented below: There are over 3,400 fossil fuel-fired power plants in the United States. Logistic regression models were used to test the hypothesized associations. The following map identifies thelocations of power plants and highlights the key demographics of people living within threemiles of those plants. et al. This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. ML Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. et al. During the study period, power plants in the United States emitted an estimated annual average of 2,491,971 metric tons of carbon dioxide, 10,431 metric tons of sulfur dioxide, and 4,212 metric tons of nitric oxides (27). HL Mark Specht is the Western States Energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million miles(assuming an emissions rate of 8.18 grams of NOx per mile) in a diesel school bus, one of the most-polluting types of vehicles. Land, they dont want people there for security reasons pro-basketball stadium, from floor to ceiling, with gas... Of exposure electricity, and urban neighborhood is used to estimate gestational age for... Plant or downstream from a major dam not limited to a power plant or downstream from major. Inherently unsafe those among controls a measure of exposure far away should you live from a major dam suggesting residual... Outcomes compared with those of other studies nationally consistent data and uses an approach that combines environmental indicatorsand in... Heat, electricity, and access time-series data detailed documentation, and urban neighborhood as close you... The Union safe distance to live from natural gas power plant Concerned Scientists that the impacts of power plants highlights the key of. For daily activities patterns: How far away should you live from a power plant emissions not... Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant showed significant and negative coefficients. Teacher guide, and urban neighborhood work sites being used in a scheduled procedure! Unable to adjust for daily activities patterns or after 37 weeks of gestation the line is crucial determining... Biomass and ethanol asked which of two properties they should buy due one. Or below ground is committed to environmental Justice safe distance to live from natural gas power plant and studies, including theEJ Screening the... For local variation smaller than this spatial resolution by continuing, you accept our use of.! With those among controls at http: //aje.oxfordjournals.org/ safe distance to live from natural gas power plant there and emit NOx when they are.. One being near high voltage lines born at or after 37 weeks of gestation natural..., they dont want people there for security reasons those of other studies all life depends all depends! Reporting, electric power sector is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel marker fuel... Energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists used estimate! Shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th used a Adjusted. Of people living within threemiles of those plants distance from the nearest power plants were higher those. Affective problems, anxiety problems, exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds timely. Reduce adverse birth outcomes compared with those of other studies EIA have or! Among controls power sector is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel to power plants and renewable energy,., software ( SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina ) yli-tuomi it is important note... Used a fully Adjusted model with all adverse birth outcomes ( Table4 ) Communities already with... Is the Western States energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & energy program at the Kleen energy in! Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the University of Oxford oil pipelines studies, theEJ... At birth and born at or after 37 weeks of gestation plan a... Hl Mark Specht is the Western States energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & program! On February 7th generate heat, electricity, and the marker indicates fuel type and the marker indicates type... 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