Ireland: geography and landscape. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Kosovo is a. Flag. All rights reserved. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Updates? It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Only Oceania has less landmass. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Veuillez activer JavaScript. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Przemek. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. Por favor, active JavaScript. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Topography studies the . Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Encyclopedic entry. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Understanding Europe's Topography. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Topography Facts - Earth Science. 2. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. 3. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. To contact our editors please use our contact form. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. 11. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. 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