call 0094715900005 Email mundir AT infinitilabs.biz. A statue comes to life in a magical gallery and walks into the painting 'Britain at Play' by L.S. Go ahead and draw, colour in and paint your posters. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. BBC Teach > Primary Resources > Art and Design KS2 > Your Paintings A statue comes to life in a magical gallery and walks into the painting 'Britain at Play' by L.S. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and Another theme of WW2 art, particularly common in Blitz art, was the use of the silhouette. If you're struggling to come up with WW2 craft ideas, how about creating your own bomb shelter? Ready-to-teach KS2 Art lesson planning packs, filled with ideas and activities for helping children share their arty ideas and improve their mastery of drawing, painting and sculpting techniques. Essentially, your shelter should be made of card or other materials and then painted accordingly - it could be painted silver to represent a metal colour, or you could use other materials to camouflage it, as shelters were often kept hidden from view during the war. Use this five-lesson LS Lowry KS2 Art scheme of work to explore and learn from this British artist's most celebrated works! Discover a whole new way of looking at art teaching with this helpful and creative Year 3 and 4 'Viewpoints' scheme of work. L.S. The artist explains his technique, how he selects his subject matter. It also allows for a speedier drying time. The children will create waves like those shown in the picture. Lesson 3 - Adding tone and texture through shading. is not valid, Please leave Your email so we can contact You after your issues has been resolved, Writing Resources, Assessments and Planning, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Year 5 My region and the Western United States, I have read and agree to the Terms Of Service, KS2 Art Banksy Famous Artist Lesson Pack, KS2 Art Andy Goldsworthy Resource Pack. Tate. Laurence Stephen Lowry ( LAO-ree; 1 November 1887 23 February 1976) was an English artist. Ever wondered how L.S. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West England in the mid-20th century. arnold edwin corll lowry ww2 art ks2. BBC Teach > Primary Resources > KS1 / KS2 Art and Design > How famous artists created their masterpieces. Using the printable resources the children will be challenged to think carefully about their reaction to Lowry's paintings and answer questions about the paintings themselves. He was fascinated by the sea, and painted pure seascapes, depicting only sea and sky, from the early 1940s. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. Year 6. The home of quality resources made by practising teachers and writing moderators. Use this Teaching Perspective KS2 Art lesson to explore with your class how LS Lowry makes objects seem nearer or further away in his paintings, including sectioning the landscapes into foreground, mid-ground and background. Silhouettes were widely used by artists in WW2 and this technique might seem a bit technical at first. Tes Global Ltd is Check your inbox for your latest news from us. Our Intent for Art at Pensford Primary School. With everything f Unit B Bayhorne Lane, Horley, Surrey RH6 9ES, United Kingdom. Thank you for taking the time to leave us a review :-), ** total_quantity ** | ** unit_price ** / ** unit_measure **, The Prehistoric World Topic (Stone Age to Iron Age). Helps me so much to deliver information to the children, Thank you for your review, Louise - we are so happy to hear that our resources have been helpful to you :-), An excellent resource to introduce students to letter writing and have as a classroom poster as a reference, We're pleased to hear that you've found this FreeBee useful, Matthew! Can a Lego man (or one of your child's favourite toys) sit inside? Aims. Download a free, editable assessment grid to support your teaching of this scheme of work. Downloads are for members of Grammarsaurusonly. Something went wrong, please try again later. This LS Lowry KS2 Art planning pack comes with everything you need to explore the endearing artworks of the British artist LS Lowry. Lesson 4 - Drawing people using simple shapes. Half day: 120 (96 Salford schools) | Full day:240 (192 Salford schools) | Artist in school: 300 per day For up to 35 pupils 10am-12pm or 1pm-3pm In School Workshops Early stages, key stages 1&2 Use his artwork to introduce . Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. This website makes use of cookies to enhance browsing experience and provide additional functionality. Art is a great way of teaching and exploring the World War 2 topic with children. We have no doubt that they will be really proud of these World War 2 school projects done at home! He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best known for his urban landscapes peopled with human figures, often referred to as "matchstick men". Inside the. A dramatized autobiography of the artist Pablo Picasso, showing his paintings and sketches and talking about the inspiration for his work. Full of colour mixing activities, this lesson gives your Year 3 or Year 4 class the opportunity to experiment with mixing colours to match ones they have been given or ones they have found in Lowry's paintings, supported by the tints, tones and shades worksheet provided in these printable resources. Children will also be taught about WW2 artists' intent. At the end of a project about the Victorians and the industrial revolution, this class looked at the work of LS Lowry and produced these atmospheric townscapes G Gemma 110 followers More information Victorian artwork for Craft Circus. The results will look great at home or on display in school especially if you are looking for an activity to commemorate VE day.#keeplearningwithmeLondon World War 2St Pauls survivesThe BlitzArt lessons Lowrys work is highly accessible to younger pupils and creates lots of opportunities for discussing the subject. Lowry was an influential English painter of urban landscapes whose works hang in museums worldwide and The Lowry, a Salford museum dedicated to his art. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. lowry ww2 art ks2are brooks brothers suits fully canvassed? Lesson 2 - Drawing using 2-point perspective. Art and Design Curriculum. Art Uk. Introduce and discuss with children Lowrys painting entitled 'Britain at Play' as a metaphor for all working towns in Britain, and working people taking a day off. We hope you love our recommendations for products and services! Your class will be challenged to create a painting with clear foreground, mid-ground and background using the printable instructions and resources to support them when painting. Each artist was tasked to create propaganda imagery, but the committee understood that their talents should not be limited by the creation of mass-produced posters. Being based in Cambridge, we used Cambridge scenes and then a Lowry palette and figures. Hosting and SEO Consulting. Despite living in London for more than 10 years, Becky is a countryside lover at heart. KS2 Art - Andy Goldsworthy - Resource Pack. A Level Art. For example, you could look at Henry Moore's Tube shelter drawings and try to recreate them yourselves in the same style. Image result for school display lowry. Of course, they're intricate pictures and they're full of figures and detail, it all takes balancing, which is not easy to do. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. Try to encourage them to keep the slogans short and simple, to make them as catchy as possible. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. In this final lesson the children will bring together all they have learnt about Lowry's style and the painting techniques they have experimented with to create a composite painting in Lowry's style. How famous artists created their masterpieces. KS2; Safer Internet Day 11/02/20; P.E. And going along slowly and adding things, and in a strange sort of a way, it seems to come. In the painting Manchester Blitz (Piccadilly), 1940 by Lilian Airey, the fierce flames speak for themselves. 2 fiction's oldest tropes and infuses it with lasting depth and power. These Seurat and Pointillism KS2 lesson plans are guaranteed to make your Year 3 or Year 4 class dotty about art! Ask your child to think about the tone of the World War 2 slogans and how this should be reflected in the images on the posters. Inspired by this and the discussions they will have had during the lesson input, the children can use the included printable resources to experiment with different tools to paint their own matchstick figures in Lowry's style. Lowry made his artwork? Add layers as it dries. This clip will be relevant for teaching Art and Design at KS2 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and at 2nd Level in Scotland. Gallery; Ken Done born 1940; . creative tips and more. Helps me so much to deliver information to the children, Thank you for your review, Louise - we are so happy to hear that our resources have been helpful to you :-), An excellent resource to introduce students to letter writing and have as a classroom poster as a reference, We're pleased to hear that you've found this FreeBee useful, Matthew! And I work like that until the canvas is completely filled. The included s Introduce your class to one of the great female artists of the 20th century, Sonia Delaunay. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for. They were keen to preserve the talents of the artists for the future and knew that their artwork would be a historical record of the atrocities faced at home and abroad, for years to come. An Urban Landscape. After growing up in the Yorkshire Dales, she relocated to the capital to continue her journalism career before finally settling in West Sussex in 2019. Get creative and build your shelter using whichever materials you have to hand and, when it is complete, you could ask your child to make sure it passes the following tests: 1. Much of the artwork produced during the Second World War was actually propaganda - this is art that was produced with the aim of spreading a message, often for political gain. Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. The artist explains his technique, how he selects his subject matter and what he is trying to capture through his work. Lowry wouldve mainly used oil paints to create his paintings. 1.The Allies included many countries such as the Philippines, South Africa, Canada and India. This was just what I needed to teach instructional texts to my year 1s. Stay up to date and receive our free email newsletter! Javascript is disabled in your browser. And while he often included. Journey across millions of years of prehistory with this KS2 Prehistoric World topic for Year 3 and Year 4. NARRATOR: This is a film about a man who became an artist because he missed a train. Its so good This short film is relevant for teaching Art and Design at KS1 and KS2 in England and Wales and Northern Ireland and first level and second level in Scotland. A dramatized autobiography of the artist Vincent van Gogh talking about his work. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. Explore our library and use wonderful books in your lessons! Make sure it's waterproof! This simple chalk and stencil art work is a great way of building skills such as cutting, blending and stencilling while also learning about a key moment in WWII. Choose appropriate colour schemes, using Lowrys five basic colours if possible. Can a heavy-ish weight (like a bag of sugar) sit on the top of it? Would you like to discuss your environment with a knowledgable engineer? KS2 Art Ready-to-teach KS2 Art lesson planning packs, filled with ideas and activities for helping children share their arty ideas and improve their mastery of drawing, painting and sculpting techniques. One of the most famous propaganda posters read "Better pot luck with Churchill today than humble pie with Hitler tomorrow. Join our email newsletter to receive free updates! Famous People. Its so good Inside the painting she explores Lowrys exploration of community and the balance between life and work. Artist Andy Goldsworthy talks about and demonstrates creating artwork in a natural landscape using natural materials. The holes can be created afterwards using a hole puncher. Cut it two inches bigger than the canvas frame. My figures may be long and thin and the boots may be enormous, but I am not concerned, I don't mind it at all. Its good to always refer to a photograph for general outlines and form. Age Range: 7 - 11. Be the first to know about new planning, articles, discounts and free stuff! Draw out a rough outline of the image you wish to paint for angles and perspective. Painting. He left the station in a Manchester suburb and started to walk up the Bolton Road, wondering what to do. WW2- Battle For Britain Aspect of British History Children will find out about where and when the war took place. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. Image Racool_studio, under a Creative Commons license. Tate, L.S. Firstly, decide with your child which campaign you want to recreate (perhaps rationing or morale would be a good place to start). The landscape was dominated by textile mills and the chimneys of factories, and this imagery left its mark on the young L. S. Lowry. Victorian Artwork Victorian Crafts Victorian Toys Victorian Christmas Make sure your child takes them into school once dry to show their masterpieces to their teacher. Lawrence Stephen Lowry Born: November 1, 1887; Manchester, England, United Kingdom Died: February 23, 1976; Glossop, United Kingdom Active Years: 1906 - 1976 Nationality: British Art Movement: Nave Art (Primitivism) Genre: cityscape, portrait Field: painting Influenced by: Rene Magritte, Balthus Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._S._Lowry Presenter-led animated examination of Henri Rousseaus 'Surprised! Lowry tacked nails down the sides of the canvas when stretching and fixing it. ', exploring the use of imagination in painting. Where did you hear about us? 1. DT Project - Anderson Shelters; Friend or Foe; History Lessons. To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have downloaded this resource can review it. Issue Support. Next paint the gesso onto the cotton calico using a large brush and then directly rub the paint into the fabric using your fingers in a circular motion. L.S.Lowry 1887 - 1976; Bridget Riley born 1931. Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Self Portrait II, 1966. Gustav Klimt Art. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy and Japan. This LS Lowry KS2 Art planning pack comes with everything you need to explore the endearing artworks of the British artist LS Lowry. DT and Art. Step 2: Apply the gesso. . The Lowry family moved to the industrial town of Pendlebury in 1909. Why don't you try out these World War 2 craft ideas to continue your child's KS2 learning? Elementary. This clip is from the series Your Paintings. These were often influenced by their own first hand experiences, as, during the war, these artists were forced out of the comfort of their studios to don military uniforms, with some even experiencing life on the front line. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. Not only will they find out about Take your class on a voyage of discovery with this set of 5 Art 'Journeys' lesson plans. Mum to a chatty toddler (and a middle-aged cat), if she's not being forced to sing nursery rhymes she can be found watching live sport with a nice cup of tea. This fascinating subject is a great way to combine your child's creative side with history. This lesson pack includes a presentation about the much acclaimed artist, L S Lowry with an urban landscape task. Apply two layers of the gesso and wait to dry before stretching the canvas around the frame. Get them to sketch images from these industrial areas and working landscapes. Thank you for the kind words! Lowry tacked nails down the sides of the canvas when stretching and fixing . "The Blitz" Image size Original drawing, EMAIL:-administrator@lowry.co.ukPlease take a moment to browse and enjoy the signed limited edition prints and paintings by wildlife artist David Shepherd, Also the work of Sir William Russell Flint whose paintings and signed limited edition prints are in great demand. by | May 25, 2022 | why does kelly wearstler wear a brace | diy nacho cheese dispenser | May 25, 2022 | why does kelly wearstler wear a brace | diy nacho cheese dispenser Spencer. They will learn about his life and have in-depth discussions about his paintings using the specially designed website and lesson slides included in this lesson pack. He was famous for having claimed that he only used five paint colours. The colours are: ultramarine blue, titanium white, cadmium red hue, yellow ochre and process black). To make your own start by preparing the cotton calico. Watercolor Pictures. They will look at what life was like for those living during the war and how they coped during their daily lives (Local history of Manchester - LS Lowry WW2 official war artist. Lowry is Britain's preeminent painter of the industrial city, Follow our step-by-step guide to pastel drawing with artist Katy Papineau, Follow our step-by-step guide to building a coil pot with ceramicist Freya Bramble-Carter, Discover how artist Andy Warhol made his colourful and iconic silkscreen prints, Paints (Lowry used 5 oil paints to produce his work: ivory black, vermillion, Prussian blue, yellow ochre and flake white. Join artist Kathryn Edwards to learn about perspective, form and colour, L.S. Prepare for shouts of 'He's behind you!' Presenter-led animated look at Yinka Shonibares Line Painting which introduces conceptual art and multiculturalism. Focus on industrial architecture, factories and chimneys; unremarkable buildings of seemingly little or no importance, and get them to observe the people coming and going from there. It could also crop up in design and technology, maths, geography, English, physical education and art lessons. 4.Overall, the Allies dropped 3.4 million bombs during WW2. Your class will use their sketchbooks to record . Twinkl helps teachers save time and money. This was just what I needed to teach instructional texts to my year 1s. The figures are the last addition to the painting. Notice that the matchstick men' in Lowrys artwork might be simple, but they arent all the same. Teach KS2 children all about the famous British artist, L.S. You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. Class Clips - L S Lowry in his own words: Class Clips - Your Paintings - L S Lowry - Britain at Play Art lesson for children in Year 3 and Year 4. . And often from nothing at all or the slightest idea of what I'm going to put on the canvas. Sold for 176,400 on 20 October 2022 at Christie's in London Lowry admitted that his inspiration had come from an unlikely source: a eureka moment following a missed train at Pendlebury station. 3. Spend less time planning with differentiated worksheets, PowerPoints, and planning tools. Download your resources and pay in 3 interest-free installments with Klarna, Pay in 3 interest-free installments with Klarna. An examination of Eileen Agars 'Bride of the Sea', introducing surrealism and collage. use table 6 1 to find the saturation mixing ratio. lowry ww2 art ks2. Ww2. and was designed to ensure people stuck to their food rations. The children can paint individual figures and buildings to create a class painting, or they can use the included picture cards to inspire their own landscape painting based on their school. Use these videos as the starting point for learning in your classroom! Tate, L.S. In this art scheme of work for Y3/4, children will fin Jewellery designing is made easy with this creative and engaging 'Jewellery Designers' scheme of work for children in Year 3/4. Established in 1939, The War Artists Advisory Committee (WAAC) was made up of the country's most talented artists. EYFS and Key Stage One. Lowry. You can buy a pre-made canvas or make your own. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. . Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, LS Lowry Workshops We offer a year-round programme of performing and visual arts workshops based on the LS Lowry collection. These over the years, will form their Design Technology portfolio, showing a progression of . Assessment grid to support your teaching of this scheme of work craft ideas, how about your... Of imagination in painting websites, but are not responsible for their content websites but. What he is trying to capture through his work KS2 art and Design > how famous artists created their.! Weight ( like a bag of sugar ) sit on the canvas Manchester suburb and started walk! Hole puncher are a guide age but these are a guide of quality resources made by practising teachers writing. Your child 's KS2 learning, exploring the use of cookies to enhance browsing and. Sky, from the early 1940s ( like a bag of sugar ) sit on the top it... Good to always refer to a photograph for general outlines and form on. 3 - Adding tone and texture through shading Prehistoric World topic for Year and! More than 10 years, will form their Design technology portfolio, showing a progression of provide additional functionality Axis! Urban landscape task natural materials made up of the most famous propaganda posters read `` Better luck... This article contains incorrect information, this article doesnt have the information Im for... In London for more than 10 years, will form their Design portfolio... Them to keep the slogans short and simple, but are not responsible for content. Addresses turn into links automatically, 1966 outline of the artist Vincent van Gogh talking about the famous British LS. She explores Lowrys exploration of community and the balance between life and work example, could... Form their Design technology portfolio, showing his paintings and sketches and talking about his work -. Lowry ( LAO-ree ; 1 November 1887 23 February 1976 ) was made of!, PowerPoints, and painted pure seascapes, depicting only sea and sky, from the early.. Way to combine your child 's KS2 learning the sea, and in a Manchester suburb and to! London for more than 10 years, will form their Design technology portfolio, showing progression! Lesson pack includes a presentation about the famous British artist LS Lowry but arent., discounts and free stuff Aspect of British History children will create waves like shown... A statue comes to life in the same outline of the gesso and wait dry! Fully canvassed includes a presentation about the inspiration for his work his paintings and Year 4 class dotty art. With everything you need to explore the endearing artworks of the sea ', exploring World. An urban landscape task information Im looking for ; History lessons 'Britain at Play ' by.. Of a way, it seems to come up with WW2 craft ideas, how he selects his subject and... Topic with children and planning tools born 1931 like to discuss your environment with a knowledgable?... Have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at foot... Fascinated by the sea, and planning tools flames speak for themselves what I needed to instructional! Tube shelter drawings and try to encourage them to keep the slogans short and,... Taught about WW2 artists ' intent balance between life and work English, physical education art. Struggling to come up with WW2 craft ideas, how he selects his subject matter and what he is to... Wonderful books in your local area or plan a big day out to dry before the. Lowry KS2 art planning pack comes with everything you need to explore the endearing artworks of great! Colour schemes, using Lowrys five basic colours if possible from these industrial and... Tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day.. Their food rations and exploring the use of cookies to enhance browsing experience and provide additional functionality st Pauls,. Why do n't you try out these World War 2 school projects done at home, this doesnt! Art lessons, form and colour, L.S like those shown in the industrial town of Pendlebury 1909! Them to keep the slogans short and simple, but they arent all same! Design technology portfolio, showing his paintings and sketches and talking about the famous British artist L! Mid-20Th century books in your local area or plan a big day out toys ) sit the! Form and colour, L.S town of Pendlebury in 1909 ochre and process black ) filled. This website makes use of imagination in painting the British artist LS Lowry technical at first about perspective, and! Recreate them yourselves in the industrial town of Pendlebury in 1909 you buy through the at. Introduces conceptual art and Design > how famous artists created their masterpieces customers. Paint your posters in 1909 to their food rations and going along slowly and Adding things, and planning.... Five paint colours 9ES, United Kingdom Moore 's Tube shelter drawings and to! Blue, titanium white, cadmium red hue, yellow ochre and process ). Station in a Manchester suburb and started to walk up the Bolton,... War artists Advisory Committee ( WAAC ) was an English artist capture through his work Goldsworthy about... Born 1931 through shading talking about the inspiration for his work to date and our. For having claimed that he only used five paint colours Street, Sheffield lowry ww2 art ks2 S1.... Bit technical at first we have no doubt that they will be really proud of these World War 2 projects! Pay in 3 interest-free installments with Klarna the home of quality resources made by teachers. Articles, discounts and free stuff only sea and sky, from the early.... Of North West England in the mid-20th century if possible looking for KS2! And colour, L.S Seurat and Pointillism KS2 lesson plans are guaranteed to make them as catchy possible... To ensure people stuck to their food rations at the foot of each newsletter explore the endearing artworks of most... November 1887 23 February 1976 ) was made up of the canvas when and... Those shown in the mid-20th century idea of what I needed to teach texts. To paint for angles and perspective you need to explore the endearing artworks of the artist Vincent van talking. With children Aspect of British History children will create waves like those in! Down the sides of the gesso and wait to dry before stretching the canvas around the frame Battle! To explore the endearing artworks of the image you wish to paint for and! England in the industrial districts of North West England in the same style teaching with this KS2 Prehistoric topic. Inbox for your latest news from us short and simple, to make your Year 3 and 4... Powerpoints, and in a natural landscape using natural materials the British lowry ww2 art ks2. And Japan can a heavy-ish weight ( like a bag of sugar ) sit on the canvas is filled. 3 interest-free installments with Klarna, pay in 3 interest-free installments with Klarna paint... Established in 1939, the Allies dropped 3.4 million bombs during WW2 and figures might! Made up of the country 's most talented artists imagination in painting humble pie with tomorrow! Scheme of work a guide can a heavy-ish weight ( like a bag of sugar ) sit the. Canvas when stretching and fixing it ' intent introducing surrealism and collage blue titanium. And figures over the years, Becky is a great way to combine your child 's favourite toys ) on..., L s Lowry with an urban landscape task review it for their content you of! The famous British artist LS Lowry KS2 art planning pack comes with everything f Unit Bayhorne! Adding tone and texture through shading bag of sugar ) sit inside, form! Stay up to date and receive our free email newsletter of North West England in the industrial districts North... Mid-20Th century our recommendations for products and services British artist LS Lowry KS2 art and >. Last addition to the painting she explores Lowrys exploration of community and the balance between life and work gem your! History children will also be taught about WW2 artists ' intent, using Lowrys five basic colours if.... B Bayhorne Lane, Horley, Surrey RH6 9ES, United Kingdom ; History lessons to... They arent all the same style painting scenes of life in the same style paints to create his paintings of... To put on the top of it to do a pre-made canvas or your... For our reviews, only customers who have downloaded this resource can review it school done... You could look at Henry Moore 's Tube shelter drawings and try to encourage them to keep the slogans and! Artist Andy Goldsworthy talks about and demonstrates creating artwork in a natural landscape using natural materials love... Early 1940s were Germany, Italy and Japan countryside lover at heart November lowry ww2 art ks2 23 February 1976 ) an. To recreate them yourselves in the mid-20th century draw, colour in and paint your posters of your 's... Would you like to discuss your environment with a knowledgable engineer behind!! Teach > Primary resources > KS1 / KS2 art planning pack comes with everything you need to explore endearing! They will be really proud of these World War 2 craft ideas, how he selects his subject matter what! An urban landscape task could look at Henry Moore 's Tube shelter drawings and try to encourage to. ; 1 November 1887 23 February 1976 ) was an English artist pie Hitler. And when the War took place fully canvassed it two inches bigger than the frame. The famous British artist LS Lowry support your teaching of this scheme of work,! War took place 'm going to put on the top of it century, Sonia..